ABSTRACT Traditional thermodynamic systems are constrained by Carnot efficiency limits, restricting the conversion of low-grade thermal or cold energy into useful work. This study explores a novel approach to overcome these limitations through combined heat (or cold) and power generation, enhancing overall system efficiency. Central to this approach is the proposed AJ cycle engine, a low-temperature-differential, five-process thermodynamic cycle capable of efficiently converting thermal energy into mechanical work with high fuel efficiency. The AJ cycle leverages adiabatic expansion, isochoric and isobaric heat exchange, and controlled heat addition, with fluid circulation aided by pumps and heat exchangers, enabling compact, high-exergy thermomechanical operation. By allowing high fuel efficiency even at modest mechanical efficiency at low temperature differentials and the possibility of miniaturization, the AJ cycle paves the way for versatile applications, including small-scale powe...
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