ABSTRACT Traditional thermodynamic systems are constrained by Carnot efficiency limits, restricting the conversion of low-grade thermal or cold energy into useful work. This study explores a novel approach to overcome these limitations through combined heat (or cold) and power generation, enhancing overall system efficiency. Central to this approach is the proposed AJ cycle engine, a low-temperature-differential, five-process thermodynamic cycle capable of efficiently converting thermal energy into mechanical work with high fuel efficiency. The AJ cycle leverages adiabatic expansion, isochoric and isobaric heat exchange, and controlled heat addition, with fluid circulation aided by pumps and heat exchangers, enabling compact, high-exergy thermomechanical operation. By allowing high fuel efficiency even at modest mechanical efficiency at low temperature differentials and the possibility of miniaturization, the AJ cycle paves the way for versatile applications, including small-scale powe...
April 15 2026 I thank the global landscapes forum for inviting me to a digital conference on sustainable palm oil production. The panel discussion featured several leading experts in the industry brainstorming on what it would take to induce a paradigm shift in the palm oil production and how it could be financed. Palm oil fulfills nearly 30-40% of global vegetable oil demand. It finds application in cooking,cosmetics,health and in several other related industries. Despite its huge demand roughly 80-90% of palm oil production is centred in South East Asia. Not only does this concentration create a significant geopolitical risk it also prevents efficient utilisation of land resources that could lift millions out of poverty. Africa and LATAM present immense potential to diversify the production especially as cultivable land becomes more expensive in the SEA region. Yet there are several factors that could potentially be holding investment back. One reason is quite simple...