How do I designate an iOS device to get priority on a WiFi network?

What you want to do is called traffic shaping. With traffic shaping you can create rules that will help you prioritize a certain kind of traffic over others.

The specific steps will depend upon the operating system of your router but in general this is what you need to do

Figure out how you want to identify your IOS device on your router. The easiest way is to use the mac address . You can find out the Mac address of your device by going through the settings menu. Now use this mac address to assign a static IP address to the device. On openwrt (a linux os for routers) you can assign static IP address like so

https://docs.turris.cz/basics/luci/static-dhcp/static-dhcp/

Tell the router that the traffic coming from this IP address should be given priority over everything else. In openwrt you can use HTB or hierarchical token bucket to organize traffic into different "buckets" and prioritize one over the other. Here's a good explanation with diagrams and examples

https://wiki.debian.org/TrafficControl#Hierarchical_Token_Bucket_.28HTB.29

Note there are routers that don't support QOS or network control management. In these systems you can't do much.

In case you feel that the steps mentioned here are too technical or require too much tweaking there is a very simple and straightforward solution.

Buy a new access point and use it only for IOS device. Alternatively if you have a dual band router you can have multiple wifi networks on a single machine. So you can dedicate one to IOS and the other for the rest of your devices.

Dedicating a physical channel will provide better quality link than any software tweaking.

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